Yeast ecology of vineyards within Marsala wine area (western Sicily) in two consecutive vintages and selection of autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains

In this work, the yeast ecology associated with the spontaneous fermentation of Grillo cultivar grapes from 10vineyards was analyzed from grape harvest till complete consumption of must sugars. The microbiological investigationstarted with the plate count onto two culture media to distinguish total yeasts (TY) and presumptive Saccharomyces (PS).Yeasts were randomly isolated and identified by a combined genotypic approach consisting of restriction fragmentlength polymorphism (RFLP) of 5.8S rRNA gene and 26S rRNA and sequencing of D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene,which resulted in the recognition of 14 species belonging to 10 genera. The distribution of the yeasts within the vineyardsshowed some differences in species composition and concentration levels among 2008 and 2009 vintages. Due tothe enological relevance, all Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates were differentiated applying two genotypic tools (interdeltaanalysis and microsatellite multiplex PCR of polymorphic microsatellite loci) that recognized 51 strains. Based onthe low production of H2S, acetic acid and foam, ethanol resistance, growth in presence of high concentrations ofpotassium metabisulphite (KMBS) and CuSO4 and at low temperatures, 14 strains were selected and used as starter toferment grape must at 13 C and 17 C in presence of 100 mg/L of KMBS. Three strains (CS160, CS165 and CS182) showedoptimal technological aptitudes.