Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis;survival rate and prognostic factors

Background: The role of prognostic variables in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) bytransarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is controversial.Aims: To evaluate the survival of patients with HCC on cirrhosis treated with TACE and to analyse theprognostic factors affecting survival.Methods: From 1996 to 2006, 580 consecutive patients with HCC in cirrhosis were observed. Of these 194patients underwent TACE. The primary end-point was survival. Independent predictors of survival wereidentified using the Cox model.Results: The cumulative 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 96%, 60%, and 41%, respectively.The multivariate analysis showed significant reduction of survival among patients with serum bilirubinvalues >2 mg/dl compared to patients with values <2 mg/dl (Hazard ratio 3.84; CI 95% 1.70–8.66; pvalue= 0.001). Multivariate analysis performed in the group of patients treated with TACE alone showedthat elevated serum bilirubin (Hazard ratio 2.96; CI 95% 1.20–7.3; p-value 0.02) and incomplete tumourresponse (Hazard ratio 2.88; CI 95% 1.18–7.05; p-value 0.02) are correlated with a worse outcome.Conclusions: TACE was well tolerated and overall survival rate was 41% after 5 years. Complete tumourresponse and serum bilirubin <2 mg/dl were identified as predictors of survival.