Rehabilitative interventions for ischaemic digital ulcers, pain, and hand functioning in systemic sclerosis: a prospective before-after study

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterised by immune dysfunction, vasculopathy, cellular infammation, fbrosis of the skin associated with multiple internal organs involvement. Ischaemicdigital ulcers (IDU) of the hands commonly occur in patients with SSc adversely afecting functional independence.Purpose: Aim of the study is to investigate the efectiveness of a rehabilitation protocol based on the combined useof ultrasound (US) therapy and therapeutic exercise in terms of ulcers healing, pain relief, and hand functioning inpatients afected by SSc with IDUs. Moreover, we also investigated the safety of the proposed intervention.Study design: Prospective before-after study.Methods: We included 20 patients with IDUs secondary to SSc. All patients were treated with US combined withmanual therapy, including McMennel joint manipulation, pompage mobilization technique and connective tissuemassage, for 10 sessions. We evaluated softness, dyschromia, pain, and hand mobility using the Pressure Sore StatusTool (PSST), the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and the Duruoz Hand Index (DHI) at T0 and at the end of the treatment(T1).Results: Treatment with US combined with manual therapy signifcantly reduced ulcers depth, improved ulcersmargins, and reduced periwound skin damage (median PSST score 16 at T1, p<0.0001). Moreover, signifcant benefts were reported in terms of pain relief (NRS 3 at T1; p<0.0005), and hand function (DHI score 19 at T1; p<0.0005).Finally, this approach seems to be safe, without side efects reported at the end of treatment, along with an optimalcompliance.Conclusion: Therapeutic US combined with manual therapy should be used as additional intervention to manageIDUs in SSc patients