La tratta degli esseri umani. Nessi vischiosi fra vulnerabilità e violenza di prossimità

The definition of Trafficking in Human Beings in the Protocol of United Nations portays the adoption and the determination of the concepts of victim and trafficker by the international community. Despite the effort of the Protocol in providing an international definition of the phenomenon, the present article emphasizes the grey zone between vulnerability and proximity violence that permits the consensual exploitation of the victim by the trafficker. From the analysis of the concept of vulnerability and linking with the issue of proximity violence, in its specific acceptation of “proximity vulnerability”, it clearly emerges from the study of Court. The article analyzes the concept of vulnerability, in relation to that of proximity violence, and developing in a specific sense of "proximal vulnerability" which becomes evident through the analysis of the "medium" used by the trafficker. The analysis of the Romanian and Italian judgments - of which the article gives an account in a specific paragraph - seems to confirm the hypothesis. The APOV perpetrated by the exploiter / trafficker is immediately suffered by the most vulnerable subject, in a context of economic and cultural deprivation but, above all, in a situation of proximity violence made opaque by the manipulation exercised on the victim by the exploiter.