Into the wild of long non-coding RNA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to explore new prognostic/predictive biomarkers

Background: Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging as essential regulators of genetic and epigenetic networks, andtheir deregulation may underlie complex diseases, such as carcinogenesis. Several studies have described lncRNAs alterations inpatients with solid tumors. In particular, in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST), upregulation of HOTAIR has beenassociated with aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor patients’ survival. In order to gain more detailed insight on the molecularrole of lncRNAs in GIST, we analyzed in vivo the expression levels of lncRNAs H19 and MALAT1 in surgically resectedpatients.Material and Methods: The expression of the lnc-RNAs H19 and MALAT1 was evaluated in primary tumor tissue from 20GIST patients undergoing surgical resection, and paired normal mucosa samples, using quantitative real-time reversetranscriptase qRT-PCR. The result was considered reliable if the tumor tissue harboured at least 70% of cancer cells.Results: H19 was evaluable in 20 patients, MALAT 1 in 8 patients. H19 was overexpressed in 66% (12/20) cancer tissue fromGIST patients, and the difference of expression between the two groups (tumor tissue vs normal tissue) was found to bestatistically significant (P= 0.0496). MALAT1 was overexpressed also in 100% (8/8) cancer tissue from GIST patients.Conclusions: H19 and MALAT1 appear frequently upregulated in GIST patients. Further analyses are needed to confirm thesedata, and evaluate the potential role of such lncRNAs, as prognostic/predictive biomarkers.