I tumori della mammella e/o dell’ovaio di tipo eredofamiliare: strategie di prevenzione nelle donne ad alto rischio

Several factors should be taken into account to estimate the risk for breast and ovarian cancer development such as age, reproductive and hormonal factors including parity and oral contraceptive use, strong family history of breast and ovarian cancer, and – to a lesser extend – environmental and lifestyle factors. Management options for the women at high-risk for breast and ovarian cancer development include prophylactic surgery (i.e. bilateral mastectomy and bilateral ovarosalpingectomy), chemoprevention (using mainly tamoxifen, but also raloxifen, and - recently - aromatase inhibitors in high-risk post-menopausal women), lifestyle changes and intensive surveillance which includes regular clinical examination, regular Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mammography potentially in association with breast Ultrasonography, and ovarian cancer surveillance with transvaginal ultrasound and CA125 combined.