CLIMATE CHANGES AND NEMATODES: EXPECTED EFFECTSAND PERSPECTIVES FOR PLANT PROTECTION

Some factors interfering with plant protection from phytoparasitic nematodes are reviewed in the light ofchanges brought about by the global warming in action. The mechanisms mainly concern changes in temperature andwater regimes. The effects of climate changes on the epidemiology and management of the main phytoparasitic speciesoccurring in Mediterranean environments include the alteration of the reproductive cycles due to plants productivity,the geographic dispersion by more northern or higher altitude shifts, the spread of vectors. Other related indirectmechanisms are feedback effects due to the reactions of cultivated species or weeds, and those related to naturalenemies. The potential management of some operational tools are briefly discussed, including the development andapplication of models and monitoring. An exemple of modeling changes induced by increasing temperatures on thecarrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae is briefly discussed.