An execution in medieval Sicily: Computerised tomography scan analysis and 3D reconstruction of an ancient forensic context

The bioarchaeological and forensic approach is increasingly applied in the study offunerary contexts in archaeology. Here, we present a case of an atypical medievalburial recently discovered in Piazza Armerina (Sicily), in which the integrated use oftraditional bioarchaeological and forensic anthropology methods was crucial. Theskeleton was lying in a prone position and was characterised by a peculiar injury pattern.We recorded six clear stab wound marks on the posterior surface of the sternum.The use of computerised tomography scan and 3D modelling techniques hasmade it possible to obtain a reliable reconstruction of the cause and modality ofdeath, pointing to the execution of the individual. The importance of this case studyis twofold. First, the injury pattern recorded currently constitutes a unicum in thebioarchaeological record. Second, it represents the first well‐documented case of anatypical burial in Sicily.