Effects of sodium intake and diuretic titration on endothelial and renal damage biomarkers in compensated and decompensated heart failure patients.

Heart failure (HF) is defined as a clinical syndrome because of its complex molecular, endocrine, neuroendocrine, and inflammatory changes that contribute to progressive myocardial dysfunction and inability to meet the body’s metabolic needs. Major advances in the development of clinical biomarkers that can be objectively measured and reproducibly quantified have provided important insights into the syndrome of HF as indicators of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or responses to specific therapeutic interventions.In this project, we investigate the properties, clinical data, and potential applications of some emerging biomarkers that could uniquely indicate the level of biomechanical stretch, inflammation, ventricular remodeling, myocardial injury, and renal dysfunction that occurs in chronic HF. We will also discuss the potential role for these biomarkers within a multimarker-based strategy that could, in the future, lead to better care for these patients.