Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow

Alessandro Aiuppa; Melissa A. Pfeffer; Martin Hensch; Alexander H. Jarosch; Simone Cesca; Sigurdur Jakobsson; Sebastian Heimann; Sæmundur A. Halldórsson; Benedikt G. Ófeigsson; Kristín Jónsdóttir; Björn Oddsson; Marco Bagnardi; Stéphanie Dumont; Amy Donovan; Michelle M. Parks; Karsten Spaans; Tobias Dürig; Torsten Dahm; Gunnar B. Gudmundsson; Sara Barsotti; Kristín S. Vogfjörd; Joaquín M. C. Belart; Andrew Hooper; Vincent Drouin; Hannah I. Reynolds; Tayo Van Boeckel; Gro B. M. Pedersen; Kristján Jónasson; Hildur M. Fridriksdóttir; Matthew J. Roberts; Sigurdur Jakobsson; Thórdís Högnadóttir; Baldur Bergsson; Gudfinna Adalgeirsdóttir; Eniko Bali; Martin P. J. Schöpfer; Sigrún Hreinsdóttir; Olgeir Sigmarsson; Gudmundur H. Gudfinnsson; Hildur M. Fridriksdóttir; Finnur Pálsson; Magnús T. Gudmundsson; Freysteinn Sigmundsson; Páll Einarsson; Torsten Dahm; Thomas R. Walter; Mike R. Burton; Matthew J. Roberts; Vala Hjörleifsdóttir; Eoghan P. Holohan; Morten S. Riishuus; Eyjólfur Magnússon; Baldur Bergsson

Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow

Alessandro Aiuppa, Melissa A. Pfeffer, Martin Hensch, Alexander H. Jarosch, Simone Cesca, Sigurdur Jakobsson, Sebastian Heimann, Sæmundur A. Halldórsson, Benedikt G. Ófeigsson, Kristín Jónsdóttir, Björn Oddsson, Marco Bagnardi, Stéphanie Dumont, Amy Donovan, Michelle M. Parks, Karsten Spaans, Tobias Dürig, Torsten Dahm, Gunnar B. Gudmundsson, Sara BarsottiKristín S. Vogfjörd, Joaquín M. C. Belart, Andrew Hooper, Vincent Drouin, Hannah I. Reynolds, Tayo Van Boeckel, Gro B. M. Pedersen, Kristján Jónasson, Hildur M. Fridriksdóttir, Matthew J. Roberts, Sigurdur Jakobsson, Thórdís Högnadóttir, Baldur Bergsson, Gudfinna Adalgeirsdóttir, Eniko Bali, Martin P. J. Schöpfer, Sigrún Hreinsdóttir, Olgeir Sigmarsson, Gudmundur H. Gudfinnsson, Hildur M. Fridriksdóttir, Finnur Pálsson, Magnús T. Gudmundsson, Freysteinn Sigmundsson, Páll Einarsson, Torsten Dahm, Thomas R. Walter, Mike R. Burton, Matthew J. Roberts, Vala Hjörleifsdóttir, Eoghan P. Holohan, Morten S. Riishuus, Eyjólfur Magnússon, Baldur Bergsson

Scienze della Terra e del Mare

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Abstract

Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption.We usemultiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-squarekilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, nearexponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day-long eruption.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	aaf8988-1-aaf8988-8
Number of pages	8
Journal	Science
Volume	353
Publication status	Published - 2016

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

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Aiuppa, A., Pfeffer, M. A., Hensch, M., Jarosch, A. H., Cesca, S., Jakobsson, S., Heimann, S., Halldórsson, S. A., Ófeigsson, B. G., Jónsdóttir, K., Oddsson, B., Bagnardi, M., Dumont, S., Donovan, A., Parks, M. M., Spaans, K., Dürig, T., Dahm, T., Gudmundsson, G. B., ... Bergsson, B. (2016). Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow. Science, 353, aaf8988-1-aaf8988-8.

Aiuppa, A, Pfeffer, MA, Hensch, M, Jarosch, AH, Cesca, S, Jakobsson, S, Heimann, S, Halldórsson, SA, Ófeigsson, BG, Jónsdóttir, K, Oddsson, B, Bagnardi, M, Dumont, S, Donovan, A, Parks, MM, Spaans, K, Dürig, T, Dahm, T, Gudmundsson, GB, Barsotti, S, Vogfjörd, KS, Belart, JMC, Hooper, A, Drouin, V, Reynolds, HI, Van Boeckel, T, Pedersen, GBM, Jónasson, K, Fridriksdóttir, HM, Roberts, MJ, Jakobsson, S, Högnadóttir, T, Bergsson, B, Adalgeirsdóttir, G, Bali, E, Schöpfer, MPJ, Hreinsdóttir, S, Sigmarsson, O, Gudfinnsson, GH, Fridriksdóttir, HM, Pálsson, F, Gudmundsson, MT, Sigmundsson, F, Einarsson, P, Dahm, T, Walter, TR, Burton, MR, Roberts, MJ, Hjörleifsdóttir, V, Holohan, EP, Riishuus, MS, Magnússon, E & Bergsson, B 2016, 'Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow', Science, vol. 353, pp. aaf8988-1-aaf8988-8.

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title = "Gradual caldera collapse at B{\'a}rdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow",

abstract = "Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption.We usemultiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-squarekilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of B{\'a}rdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, nearexponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day-long eruption.",

author = "Alessandro Aiuppa and Pfeffer, {Melissa A.} and Martin Hensch and Jarosch, {Alexander H.} and Simone Cesca and Sigurdur Jakobsson and Sebastian Heimann and Halld{\'o}rsson, {S{\ae}mundur A.} and {\'O}feigsson, {Benedikt G.} and Krist{\'i}n J{\'o}nsd{\'o}ttir and Bj{\"o}rn Oddsson and Marco Bagnardi and St{\'e}phanie Dumont and Amy Donovan and Parks, {Michelle M.} and Karsten Spaans and Tobias D{\"u}rig and Torsten Dahm and Gudmundsson, {Gunnar B.} and Sara Barsotti and Vogfj{\"o}rd, {Krist{\'i}n S.} and Belart, {Joaqu{\'i}n M. C.} and Andrew Hooper and Vincent Drouin and Reynolds, {Hannah I.} and {Van Boeckel}, Tayo and Pedersen, {Gro B. M.} and Kristj{\'a}n J{\'o}nasson and Fridriksd{\'o}ttir, {Hildur M.} and Roberts, {Matthew J.} and Sigurdur Jakobsson and Th{\'o}rd{\'i}s H{\"o}gnad{\'o}ttir and Baldur Bergsson and Gudfinna Adalgeirsd{\'o}ttir and Eniko Bali and Sch{\"o}pfer, {Martin P. J.} and Sigr{\'u}n Hreinsd{\'o}ttir and Olgeir Sigmarsson and Gudfinnsson, {Gudmundur H.} and Fridriksd{\'o}ttir, {Hildur M.} and Finnur P{\'a}lsson and Gudmundsson, {Magn{\'u}s T.} and Freysteinn Sigmundsson and P{\'a}ll Einarsson and Torsten Dahm and Walter, {Thomas R.} and Burton, {Mike R.} and Roberts, {Matthew J.} and Vala Hj{\"o}rleifsd{\'o}ttir and Holohan, {Eoghan P.} and Riishuus, {Morten S.} and Eyj{\'o}lfur Magn{\'u}sson and Baldur Bergsson",

year = "2016",

language = "English",

volume = "353",

pages = "aaf8988--1--aaf8988--8",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow

AU - Aiuppa, Alessandro

AU - Pfeffer, Melissa A.

AU - Hensch, Martin

AU - Jarosch, Alexander H.

AU - Cesca, Simone

AU - Jakobsson, Sigurdur

AU - Heimann, Sebastian

AU - Halldórsson, Sæmundur A.

AU - Ófeigsson, Benedikt G.

AU - Jónsdóttir, Kristín

AU - Oddsson, Björn

AU - Bagnardi, Marco

AU - Dumont, Stéphanie

AU - Donovan, Amy

AU - Parks, Michelle M.

AU - Spaans, Karsten

AU - Dürig, Tobias

AU - Dahm, Torsten

AU - Gudmundsson, Gunnar B.

AU - Barsotti, Sara

AU - Vogfjörd, Kristín S.

AU - Belart, Joaquín M. C.

AU - Hooper, Andrew

AU - Drouin, Vincent

AU - Reynolds, Hannah I.

AU - Van Boeckel, Tayo

AU - Pedersen, Gro B. M.

AU - Jónasson, Kristján

AU - Fridriksdóttir, Hildur M.

AU - Roberts, Matthew J.

AU - Jakobsson, Sigurdur

AU - Högnadóttir, Thórdís

AU - Bergsson, Baldur

AU - Adalgeirsdóttir, Gudfinna

AU - Bali, Eniko

AU - Schöpfer, Martin P. J.

AU - Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún

AU - Sigmarsson, Olgeir

AU - Gudfinnsson, Gudmundur H.

AU - Fridriksdóttir, Hildur M.

AU - Pálsson, Finnur

AU - Gudmundsson, Magnús T.

AU - Sigmundsson, Freysteinn

AU - Einarsson, Páll

AU - Dahm, Torsten

AU - Walter, Thomas R.

AU - Burton, Mike R.

AU - Roberts, Matthew J.

AU - Hjörleifsdóttir, Vala

AU - Holohan, Eoghan P.

AU - Riishuus, Morten S.

AU - Magnússon, Eyjólfur

AU - Bergsson, Baldur

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption.We usemultiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-squarekilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, nearexponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day-long eruption.

AB - Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption.We usemultiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-squarekilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, nearexponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day-long eruption.

UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10447/227125

UR - http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/353/6296/aaf8988.full.pdf

M3 - Article

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 353

SP - aaf8988-1-aaf8988-8

JO - Science

JF - Science

ER -

Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

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