Evidences on alterations in skeleton composition and mineralization in a site-attached fish under naturally acidified conditions in a shallow CO2 vent

Background: Ocean acidification may affect fish mineralized structures (i.e. otoliths and skeleton).Methods: Here,we compared the elemental composition of muscle and skeleton and themineral features of skeleton in the site-attached fish Gobius bucchichi naturally exposed to high pCO2/lowpH conditions in a shallow CO2 vent with fish of the same species exposed to normal pH.Results: Overall, no skeleton malformations were found in both pH conditions, but among-site differences werefound in the elemental composition. Interestingly, higher Ca/P values, inducing a moderate skeleton maturation,were found in fish exposed to acidified conditions than in controls.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ocean acidification may play a significant role in physiological processes relatedto mineralization, fostering skeleton pre-aging.